Understanding Tawheed And Its Types In Islam, Must Be Learned

The understanding of monotheism when viewed in terms of language or etymology is a form of the word mashdar from the origin of the past verb, namely wahhada yuwahhidu wahdah which means to unite or unite, quoted from the book Study of Tawhid/Kalam Science by Mulyono and Bashori.

Thus, linguistically, the notion of monotheism is the science that discusses the Almighty Allah. Because, the meaning of the word tawhid is to unite, with what is meant to unite Allah SWT is His essence, His name and His af'al. So, the science of monotheism learns that Allah SWT is One, Single, One.

This understanding is in line with the understanding of monotheism used in Indonesian, namely "oneness of Allah", and mentauhidkan means "acknowledging the oneness of Allah as one God".

This section must be understood in its entirety so that its meaning which at the same time contains the classification of its types can be realized in life. The following is a full explanation of monotheism that needs to be studied, quoted from various sources.

Definition of Tawhid

Judging from the book Islamic Theology Science of Tawhid by Drs Hadis Purba and Drs. Salamuddin, there are several meanings of monotheism that have been put forward by experts. Some of the definitions or understanding of monotheism include;

1. According to Shaykh Muhammad Abduh (1926:4), it was stated that "The science of monotheism is a science that discusses the form of Allah, about the attributes that must be attributed to Him, the attributes that must be completely removed from Him, also discusses about His messengers, confirms their apostleship, the qualities that may be assigned to them, and what is forbidden to be attributed to them."

2. Husain Affandi al-Jisr (tt:6) argues that "The science of monotheism is a science that discusses matters that determine religious beliefs with convincing arguments."

3. Ibn Khaldun (tt: 458) argues that "The science of monotheism contains the reasons for the aqidah of faith with the arguments of aqliyah and reasons which are a rejection of the heretical group which in the field of aqidah has deviated from the Salaf and Ahlus Sunnah schools. .

4. M.T. Thair Abdul Muin (tt: 1) said that "Tawhid is a science that investigates and discusses matters that are obligatory, impossible and jaiz for Allah and for all of His messengers; it also explores the arguments that may fit the mind as a tool to prove existence of the One who creates."

There are still many definitions or understanding of monotheism that have been put forward by experts. Although the wording or editorial composition of their descriptions is not the same, all of them have something in common, namely the problem of monotheism revolves around issues related to Allah SWT, His messengers, and matters relating to human life after death.

Types of Tawhid

Tawhid is the most important part of the overall substance of the aqidah of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah. This section must be understood in its entirety so that its meaning, which at the same time contains a clarification of the types, can be realized in life.

In this connection two things are covered. First, understanding the teachings of monotheism theoretically based on the arguments of the Qur'an, sunnah and common sense. Second, apply the teachings of monotheism in reality so that it becomes a visible phenomenon in human life.

Theoretically, monotheism is classified into three types, namely;

1. Tawhid Rububiyyah

2. Tawhid Uluhiyah

3. Tawhid Asma'Wash-Shifat

1. Tawhid Rububiyyah

The first type of monotheism is Rubibiyah monotheism. Rububiyyah is a word that is attributed to one of the names of Allah, namely 'Rabb'. This name has several meanings, including: al-murabbi (maintainer), an-nasir (helper), al-malik (owner), al-mushlih (who repairs), as-sayyid (master) and al-wali (guardian). .

In Islamic shari'ah terminology, the term tawhid rububiyah means: "believing that only Allah is the only creator, owner, controller of the universe by which by His destiny he turns on and turns off and controls nature with His sunnahs", reported from Introduction to the Study of Islamic Aqeedah by Muhammad Ibrahim Bin Abdullah Al-Buraikan.

Tawhid rububiyah includes the following dimensions of faith;

Believe in the general deeds of Allah. For example, creating, providing sustenance, turning on, turning off, controlling.

Believe in Allah's destiny.

Believe in God's substance.

2. Tawhid Uluhiyah

The second type of monotheism is Uluhiyah monotheism. The word Uluhiyah is taken from the root word 'ilah' which means 'that which is worshipped' and 'that which is obeyed'. Because it is used to refer to righteous and false worship. The use of the word is more dominantly used to refer to the right deity so that the meaning changes to: The one who is worshiped as evidence of love, use, and recognition of His greatness.

3. Tawhid Asma'Wash-Shifat

The third type of monotheism is Asma'Wash-Shifat monotheism. The definition of monotheism al-asma wa ash-shifat means a firm acknowledgment and testimony of all the perfect names and attributes of Allah, still quoted from the book Introduction to the Study of Islamic Aqeedah by Muhammad Ibrahim Bin Abdullah Al-Buraikan.

Allah (swt) prescribes attributes for Himself in detail. Namely by mentioning the parts of perfection one by one. Assign the nature of hearing and seeing for Himself. But Allah (SWT) also denies the shortcomings of Himself. It's just that the disclaimer is general.

That is, Allah SWT denies all forms of deficiency traits for himself that are contrary to His perfection in general without specifying the units of these deficiencies. Sometimes it happens the other way around, namely that Allah (SWT) assigns attributes to Him globally and specifies the qualities of deficiency that he wants to deny.